{"id":6020,"date":"2024-10-13T15:55:38","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T15:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/?p=6020"},"modified":"2024-10-13T15:55:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T15:55:40","slug":"demokracia-pugiliste-tirania-e-mazhorances-dhe-fryma-proporcionaliste-e-kushtetutes-italiane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/la-democrazia-pugilistica-la-tirannide-della-maggioranza-e-lo-spirito-proporzionalistico-della-costituzione-italiana\/","title":{"rendered":"Demokracia \u201cpugiliste\u201d, tirania e mazhoranc\u00ebs dhe fryma proporcionaliste e Kushtetut\u00ebs italiane."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&quot;<em>E konsideroj t\u00eb pandershme dhe t\u00eb neveritshme maksim\u00ebn q\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00eb shumica e nj\u00eb populli ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka; e megjithat\u00eb besoj se origjina e pushtetit gjendet n\u00eb vullnetin e shumic\u00ebs. Ndoshta ka nj\u00eb kontradikt\u00eb midis k\u00ebtyre dy propozimeve<\/em>?&quot;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00ebto jan\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e Alexis de Tocqueville Problemi i paraqitur nga autori i <em>Demokracia n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb<\/em> gati dy shekuj m\u00eb par\u00eb ka nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi dramatike. Ka demokraci n\u00eb per\u00ebndim ku parimi i shenjt\u00eb i vullnetit t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs p\u00ebrdoret nga zyrtar\u00ebt e zgjedhur p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar hap\u00ebsirat p\u00ebr liri dhe pjes\u00ebmarrje, pa iu drejtuar nj\u00eb grusht shteti t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, shumica b\u00ebn at\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron, p\u00ebrvet\u00ebson t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pushtetin minon n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00eb parimin e ndarjes s\u00eb pushteteve dhe respektimin e pakicave N\u00ebse shumica q\u00eb shpreh Qeverin\u00eb e redukton Parlamentin n\u00eb nj\u00eb replikant t\u00eb Qeveris\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt ekzekutivi dhe legjislativi p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb. N\u00ebse mazhoranca p\u00ebrdor pastaj fuqin\u00eb e saj parlamentare p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur autoritete garantuese duke ia imponuar ato opozit\u00ebs, demokracia b\u00ebhet krejt\u00ebsisht joliberale. N\u00ebse ky pushtet i tepruar shtrihet edhe n\u00eb zgjedhjet e Presidentit t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb Gjykat\u00ebs Kushtetuese...demokracia \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb mask\u00eb e despotizmit t\u00eb ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rreziku q\u00eb kjo t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i natyrsh\u00ebm n\u00eb degjenerimin e demokracive tona, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruara ndaj logjik\u00ebs komunikuese dhe agresive t\u00eb rrjeteve sociale, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb imponuar modelet e tyre si n\u00eb televizion ashtu edhe n\u00eb debatet parlamentare. Demokracia mur m\u00eb mur t\u00ebrbohet, nj\u00eb demokraci &quot;pugiliste&quot; n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb rr\u00ebzojn\u00eb ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb n\u00eb Itali \u00ebsht\u00eb reforma kushtetuese q\u00eb prezanton Premiership. Aspekti m\u00eb i rreziksh\u00ebm i k\u00ebsaj reforme \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb Kushtetut\u00eb demokratike vendoset e drejta e t\u00eb zgjedhurve nga populli p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtuar Ekzekutivin p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb absolute dhe jo relative. Duket si nj\u00eb detaj, por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjedhje e rrezikshme q\u00eb e shnd\u00ebrron Premiershipin italian n\u00eb nj\u00eb regjim me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrim shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb pushteti q\u00eb nuk ekziston n\u00eb asnj\u00eb sistem tjet\u00ebr demokratik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0Presidenti i Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara nuk ka asnj\u00eb garanci kushtetuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur kontrollin e Senatit ose Dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve. Presidenti i Republik\u00ebs Franceze zgjidhet ve\u00e7mas nga Asambleja Komb\u00ebtare n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb armiq\u00ebsore ndaj tij. Kryeministri britanik nuk ka legjitimitet t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb popullor, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb partia q\u00eb e zgjedh at\u00eb si lider dhe - n\u00ebse partia fiton - e d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb Downing Street dhe madje mund ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb: nuk ka asnj\u00eb investim popullor. Kancelarja gjermane zgjidhet nga Parlamenti dhe mazhoranca duhet ta nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb me durim. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, kryeministri i ardhsh\u00ebm italian do t\u00eb ket\u00eb si investimin popullor ashtu edhe garancin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb absolute besnike ndaj tij n\u00eb Parlament me nj\u00eb ligj elektoral q\u00eb do t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7mim p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb artificialisht shumic\u00ebn absolute q\u00eb partia (ose koalicioni) nuk mundi. p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur. Ligji i famsh\u00ebm, i p\u00ebrcaktuar padrejt\u00ebsisht si &quot;mashtrim&quot;, n\u00eb vitin 1953 synonte t&#039;i jepte 65% mandate partis\u00eb apo koalicionit q\u00eb kishte fituar t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 50% t\u00eb votave plus nj\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ebse do t\u00eb kalonte reforma e Kryeministris\u00eb, Kushtetuta do t\u00eb p\u00ebsonte nj\u00eb goditje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. Karta jon\u00eb u shkrua kur ekzistonte nj\u00eb mentalitet proporcional, sipas t\u00eb cilit t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt kishin t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb kishin pesh\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhje lidhur me institucionet e garancis\u00eb, si Presidenti i Republik\u00ebs dhe Gjykata Kushtetuese. Si\u00e7 kujtoi Stefano Passigli&nbsp;<em>Korrier i mbr\u00ebmjes<\/em>&nbsp;&nbsp;M\u00eb 12 tetor 2024, plaga e par\u00eb ndodhi kur n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb mazhoranca fituese p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsoi kryetar\u00ebt e dy deg\u00ebve t\u00eb Parlamentit. Nj\u00eb cenueshm\u00ebri e dyt\u00eb ndodhi me ligjet zgjedhore mazhoritar &quot;<em>shumica&nbsp;<\/em>-shkruan Passigli-<em>lejon gjithashtu q\u00eb me 30-351 TP3T vota \u2013 dhe madje, si\u00e7 ndodhi n\u00eb zgjedhjet e fundit italiane, me m\u00eb pak vota popullore se opozita \u2013 t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb zona dhe t\u00eb arrij\u00eb nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb absolute mandatesh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Me reform\u00ebn e Kryeministris\u00eb rrethi do t\u00eb mbyllet p\u00ebrfundimisht: nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb relative n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb nj\u00eb kryeministri t\u00eb zgjedhur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga populli do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb absolute dhe do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb imponoj\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e saj edhe n\u00eb institucionet e garancis\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00eb zgjedhjet e vitit 2022, qendra e djatht\u00eb fitoi 441 TP3T t\u00eb votave dhe fitoi - pa bonus t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs - 56% t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb Senat dhe 59% t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb Dhom\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur Presidentin e Republik\u00ebs pas votimit t\u00eb tret\u00eb, sot mjaftojn\u00eb 50% plus nj\u00eb. Me reform\u00ebn e Premieranno-s, n\u00eb votimin e gjasht\u00eb do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb absolute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por n\u00ebse me premiumin e mazhoranc\u00ebs, kryeministrit t\u00eb zgjedhur nga populli do t\u00eb garantohej t\u00eb kishte 601 TP3T mandate n\u00eb Parlament, do t\u00eb kishim k\u00ebt\u00eb skenar: Kryetar\u00ebt e Dhom\u00ebs dhe Senatit do t\u00eb shkonin n\u00eb mazhoranc\u00eb (k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb sot). Presidenti i Republik\u00ebs do t\u00eb ishte shprehja e shumic\u00ebs. 10 nga 15 an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Gjykat\u00ebs Kushtetuese do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonin si shprehje e mazhoranc\u00ebs: 5 do t\u00eb em\u00ebroheshin nga Presidenti i Republik\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me mazhoranc\u00ebn dhe 5 nga Parlamenti ku shumica mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb tre t\u00eb pestat e k\u00ebrkuara. K\u00ebsaj z\u00ebnie t\u00eb posteve ky\u00e7e i shtohen president\u00ebt dhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Antitrustit, t\u00eb Autoritetit Rregullativ t\u00eb Komunikimeve, t\u00eb Consob-it, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb ishin prerogativ\u00eb e nj\u00eb mazhorance t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kushtetuta, n\u00eb fakt, do t\u00eb shtremb\u00ebrohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pariparueshme. Italia ka ende koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur k\u00ebt\u00eb masak\u00ebr.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00abConsidero empia e detestabile la massima che in politica la maggioranza di un popolo ha il diritto di far tutto; e tuttavia ritengo che l\u2019origine del potere sia da porre nella volont\u00e0 della maggioranza. V\u2019\u00e8 forse contraddizione tra queste due proposizioni?\u00bb Sono parole di Alexis de Tocqueville.Il problema posto dall&#8217;autore della Democrazia in America quasi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","iawp_total_views":49,"footnotes":""},"categories":[422,454,366],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editoriali","category-taccuino-politico-italiano","category-top-stories"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6020"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6022,"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6020\/revisions\/6022"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albanitaly.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}